EXPIRIMENTAL STUDY ON REINFORCED CONCRETE CUBES WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE AS COCONUT SHELLS








LIST OF CONTENTS 

  1. INTRODUCTION 
  2. CONCRETE 
  3. METHODOLOGY 
  4. MATERIALS 
  5. MIX DESIGN 
  6. TEST PROGRAM 
  7. TEST RESULTS 
  8. CONCLUSION

1. INTRODUCTION 

The high and of normal weight aggregate in concrete reduces natural stone deposits causes ecological imbalance. Developed countries have identified many artificial and LWA that replaced conventions. CS are not commonly used, but they are dumped as waste. Reduce self-weight of concrete. CSs are suitable as low strength-giving lightweight aggregate when used as coarse aggregate.

2. CONCRETE 

  • Making with locally available materials ease in molding in to shape consumed 2nd largest material on earth.
  •  Annual production represents one ton for every person on the planet. 
  • Aggregates used for very specific purpose. 
  • 60% to 75% of the volume of concrete is aggregate. 
  • Less costly to produce and remains extremely affordable.
  • Annual production represents one ton for every person on the planet. 
  • Aggregates used for very specific purpose. 
  • 60% to 75% of the volume of concrete is aggregate. 
  • Less costly to produce and remains extremely affordable.
3. METHODOLOGY
  • Partially replacement of coarse aggregate by coconut shell
  • Material Collection
  • Material Property
  • Material experimental procedure
  • Mix Design
  • Test procedure
  • Result
  • Conclusion
4. MATERIALS
    
    a. Cement OPC 53Grade
    b. River sand
    c. Crushed granite stone 20mm 
    d. Coconut shell 8mm to16mm
    e. Potable drinking water

    a. CEMENT

➢ Ordinary Portland Cement
➢ Basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and non-specialty grout
➢ Adhesive and cohesive properties
➢ stones, sand, bricks, building stones, etc. are bonding materials

   Physical Properties of Cement
  1. Standard Consistency 29.9%
  2. Fineness of Cement (%) 7.4%
  3. Specific Gravity 3
  4. Initial Setting Time 45 mins.
  5. Final Setting Time 260 mins.

    b. FINE AGGREGATES

➢ Natural, crushed or manufactured sand.
➢ Fractions, 4.75mm-150microns.
➢ Used to fill the voids in coarse aggregate.
➢ Act as workability agent.
➢ River sand passed through 4.75 IS sieve is used
➢ setting and hardening under water

Physical Properties of Fine Aggregate
  1. Specific gravity - 2.60
  2. Fineness modulus - 3.30
  3. Water absorption (%) - 1.10
  4. Bulk Density (kg/M3)
  5. Loose -15.85
  6. Compacted - 17.60
    c. COARSE AGGREGATE
  1. Occupies 35 to 70% of the volume of concrete.
  2. Smaller sizes produce higher strength.
  3. Fraction, 20 mm- 4.75 mm
  4. Better dimensional stability and water resistance.
  5. Three reasons for using aggregates in cement mix:
            1. Cheaper than cement.
            2. Better volume stability.
            3. Greater durability.

Properties of Coarse Aggregate

  1. Specific gravity- 2.75
  2. Mine modulus- 6.30
  3. Water absorption (%)- 1.50
  4. Bulk Density kg/m3
                        Loose- 1600
                        Compacted- 179

    d. COCONUT SHELL AGGREGATE
  1. Depending on genetic variety and maturity at the nut at harvest.
  2. Show wide diversity in size, shape and color. article size- 5 to 20mm
  3. Compared to conventional aggregate.
  4. More moisture retaining.
  5. More water absorbing capacity.
Physical Properties of Coconut shell
  1. Maximum size 20
  2. Fineness modulus 6.48
  3. Specific Gravity 1.56
  4. Bulk Density (kg/m3) 510-600
  5. Water Absorption (%) 23
  6. Aggregate Crushing Value (%) 2.49
  7. Aggregate Impact Value (%) 8.55
  8. Moisture Content (%) 4.2
  9. Shell Thickness(mm) 3-6
    e. Water
  1. Participates in chemical reaction with cement.
  2. Potable water is used.
  3. Free from injurious amount of oil, acids, alkalis or other organic or inorganic materials.
  4. Free from iron, vegetable matter or other any type of substance, have affect on concrete.
  5. Satisfactory for drinking purpose.
COCONUT SHELL 
  • Coconut shell high strength and modulus properties.
  • It has added advantage of high lignin content.
  • It has low cellulose content Naturally available in nature 
  • The coconut Shell-cement composite is compatible and no pre-treatment is required.
  • Moisture retaining and water absorbing capacity is more compared to conventional aggregate 
  • The amount of cement content may be more
MIX DESIGN 
  • Appropriate selection and proportioning of constituents to produce a concrete 
  • Maximum cement content to avoid shrinkage cracking 
  • Maximum cement content to give adequate durability
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR MIX DESIGN 
  • Characteristic strength 
  • Type of cement 
  • Compressive strength of concrete 
  • Size of aggregates 
  • Cement content 
  • Workability of concrete 
MIX DESIGN OF M20 GRADE CONCRETE 
  • Grade of concrete: M20 
  • Mix ratio: 1:1.5:3 
  • Maximum water-cement ratio: 0.50 from IS 456:2000(table5). 
  • Minimum cement content: 300 kg/m3 (IS 456:2000) 
  • Maximum nominal size of aggregate: 20 mm 
  • Type of cement: OPC 53 Grade conforming as per IS 12269 
STANDARD TESTS FOR CEMENT 
  1. Consistency 
  2. Fineness 
  3. Setting times 
  4. Specific gravity 
1. CONSISTENCY TEST 
  • water content required to produce a cement paste 
  • water is added to cement it starts hydration 
  • excessive amount of water is added 
  • increases the water cement ratio 
  • decrease in its strength when it hardens 
FINENESS TEST 
  • Bearing on the rate of hydration 
  • Rate of gain of strength 
  • Rate of evolution of heat 
  • Finer cement greater surface area for hydration greater the development of strength 
  • By sieving 
SETTING TIME TEST 
  • Time interval for cement products in plastic condition 
  • Free time for transporting, placing, compacting and shaping of cement paste. 
  • Plan the placing of concrete. 
  • Prevent formation of cold joints. 
SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST 
  • Behaviour of the cement in water. 
  • Cement will sink or floats in the water. 
  • Specific gravity is greater than 1 sinks in water. 
  • Specific gravity less than 1 it floats in water. 
COMPRESSION TEST ON CONCRETE CUBES 
  • Specimen: 3 cubes of 15 cm size Mix. M₂₀
  • Shrinkage or safety factor = 1.57. 
  • Weight of coarse aggregate = 13.42kg. 
  • Weight of fine aggregate = 6.85kg. 
  • Weight of cement = 4.18kg. 
  • 25% of coarse aggregate removed=3.345kg 
  • 50% of coarse aggregate removed = 6.69kg. 
  • Taken the water cement ratio= 0.50. 
CEMENT TEST RESULTS
  • STANDARD CONSISTENCY 28% 
  • FINENESS 7.4% 
  • SPECIFIC GRAVITY 3 
  • INITIAL SETTING TIME 45min 
COMPRESSION STRENGTH RESULT OF CONCRETE CUBES
CONCRETE MIX COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 









 CONCLUSION 
  • From the experimental results the coconut shell concrete has compressive strength less low compared to the conventional aggregate concrete. 
  • The concrete obtained using coconut shell aggregates satisfy the minimum requirements of lightweight concrete. 
  • Coconut shell exhibits sufficient resistance against crushing, impact and abrasion, compared to crushed granite aggregate. 
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